After doing some research on Google, I finally figured out how to run fsck on my Synology DS1511+ using a combination of guides I found.
First I needed to install ipkg so that I could later use lsof to tell me what processes were using the volumes that needed to be unmounted before running a file system check; I did this by following the guide at http://www.peppercrew.nl/index.php/2012/04/how-to-install-ipkg-on-synology-nas-ds212/. The DS1511+ uses an Intel Atom so I downloaded the syno-i686-bootstrap_1.2-7_i686.xsh bootstrap. The guide says to comment out some lines in /root/.profile for DSM 4.0 only but I found that this was also necessary for DSM 5.0; without it the DS1511+ complained that ipkg could not be found.
Afterwards I installed lsof by running:
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ipkg install lsof |
Now I was ready to use the guide at http://www.cyberciti.biz/faq/synology-complete-fsck-file-system-check-command/. I had to deviate from this guide a bit at the step where it tells you to stop the pgsql service by entering:
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/usr/syno/etc/rc.d/S20pgsql.sh stop |
This script did not exist on my DS1511+ so I had to google another way to stop it. Some guides I had found said to run:
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su -l admin -c "exec /usr/syno/pgsql/bin/pg_ctl stop -s -m fast" |
However that command gave me an error:
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pg_ctl: could not open PID file "/var/services/pgsql/postmaster.pid": Permission denied |
I figured out that the postmaster.pid file was owned by user postgres so I ran:
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su -l postgres -c "exec /usr/syno/pgsql/bin/pg_ctl stop -s -m fast" |
This command worked and I was able to use the rest of the guide to run a file system check on my Synology.